When facing these challenges, sea space utilization through the development of coastal floating structures becomes one potential solution. Moreover, the fast development of human activity and urbanization in these countries also increases the demand for land resources. Sea level rise may threaten the coastal region of many countries, such as Singapore. The results and findings show the importance of considering the protected floating structures in the analysis when designing floating breakwaters for many types of marine structures, including floating fish farms and floating cities in coastal waters.Д¬limate change has led to sea level rise over the past decades. Orienting the structure obliquely can improve the performance of the floating breakwaters of special configurations, especially the barge frame. In addition, significant fluid resonant motions are identified for all investigated floating breakwaters, including the conventional one. The L-shape floating breakwater is found effective in reducing wave transmissions without the presence of the floating tanks, while the barge frame is the most effective in the motion reduction of the floating tanks. The numerical models of the barge frame are validated through laboratory experiments, and the dipole damping lids to reduce the resonant fluid motions in the gaps/moonpools are calibrated with experimental results. Numerical models based on linear potential flow theory are built for these floating breakwaters with and without the floating tanks.

The study is conducted based on a subsystem of a floating hydrocarbon storage facility that combines a floating breakwater with two floating tanks, studied previously. The motions of these floating breakwaters and their effectiveness in wave transmission and motion reduction of the protected floating bodies are evaluated. The floating breakwaters of different spatial layouts have sheltered internal gaps/moonpools when compared to their conventional counterparts. This paper investigates the effectiveness of floating breakwaters consisting of two barges (L-shape), three barges (U-shape), four barges (barge frame), and conventional single floating breakwater.

Floating breakwaters design